Дипломная работа: Социальная ответственность корпорации в современных условиях (на примере ОАО "Востокгазпром")

Social awareness and education. Anyway, the role among corporate stakeholders to work collectively to pressure corporations is changing. Shareholders and investors themselves, through socially responsible investing are exerting pressure on corporations to behave responsibly. Non-governmental organizations are also taking an increasing role, leveraging the power of the media and the Internet to increase their scrutiny and collective activism around corporate behavior. Through education and dialogue, the development of community in holding businesses responsible for their actions is growing (Roux 2007).

Ethics training. Needless to say, the rise of ethics training inside corporations, some of it required by government regulation, is another driver credited with changing the behaviour and culture of corporations. The aim of such training is to help employees make ethical decisions when the answers are unclear. Tullberg believes that humans are built with the capacity to cheat and manipulate, a view taken from (Trivers 1971, 1985), hence the need for learning normative values and rules in human behaviour (Tullberg 1996). The most direct benefit is reducing the likelihood of "dirty hands" (Grace and Cohen 2005), fines and damaged reputations for breaching laws or moral norms.organizations also see secondary benefit in increasing employee loyalty and pride in the organization. Caterpillar and Best Buy are examples of organizations that have taken such steps (Thilmany 2007).

Increasingly, companies are becoming interested in processes that can add visibility to their CSR policies and activities. One method that is gaining increasing popularity is the use of well-grounded training programs, where CSR is a major issue, and business simulations can play a part in this.

Laws and regulation. Another driver of CSR is the role of independent mediators, particularly the government, in ensuring that corporations are prevented from harming the broader social good, including people and the environment. CSR critics such as Robert Reich argue that governments should set the agenda for social responsibility by the way of laws and regulation that will allow a business to conduct themselves responsibly.

Actually, the issues surrounding government regulation pose several problems. Regulation in itself is unable to cover every aspect in detail of a corporation's operations. This leads to burdensome legal processes bogged down in interpretations of the law and debatable grey areas (Sacconi 2004). General Electric is an example of a corporation that has failed to clean up the Hudson River after contaminating it with organic pollutants. The company continues to argue via the legal process on assignment of liability, while the cleanup remains stagnant. (Sullivan & Schiafo 2005). The second issue is the financial burden that regulation can place on a nation's economy. This view shared by Bulkeley, who cites the Australian federal government's actions to avoid compliance with the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, on the concerns of economic loss and national interest. The Australian government took the position that signing the Kyoto Pact would have caused more significant economic losses for Australia than for any other OECD nation (Bulkeley 2001, pg 436). Critics of CSR also point out that organizations pay taxes to government to ensure that society and the environment are not adversely affected by business activities

Crises and their consequences. Often it takes a crisis to precipitate attention to CSR. One of the most active stands against environmental management is the CERES Principles that resulted after the Exxon Valdez incident in Alaska in 1989 (Grace and Cohen 2006). Other examples include the lead poisoning paint used by toy giant Mattel, which required a recall of millions of toys globally and caused the company to initiate new risk management and quality control processes. In another example, Magellan Metals in the West Australian town of Esperance was responsible for lead contamination killing thousands of birds in the area. The company had to cease business immediately and work with independent regulatory bodies to execute a cleanup.

Stakeholder priorities. Increasingly, corporations are motivated to become more socially responsible because their most important stakeholders expect them to understand and address the social and community issues that are relevant to them. Understanding what causes are important to employees is usually the first priority because of the many interrelated business benefits that can be derived from increased employee engagement (i. e. more loyalty, improved recruitment, increased retention, higher productivity, and so on). Key external stakeholders include customers, consumers, investors (particularly institutional investors, regulators, academics, and the media).

Nature of CSR Challenges and Opportunities.

It is obviously that there is increasing focus on both the private and public sectors to be proactive in the area of CSR. Various challenges are emanating from consumers, shareholders, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, and other stakeholders. These challenges are increasingly recognized in public policy debates as well as in the marketplace by companies and industry sector associations and they are frequently recognized as opportunities.

The fact of the matter is that stakeholders challenge corporations to play social responsibility roles - at both the domestic and international levels. Challenges usually focus on one or more elements of CSR such as environmental protection, health and safety, corporate governance, human resource management practices, human rights, community development and consumer protection. In many cases, the challenges are framed in an incremental way and on other occasions the challenges are spelled out in a more comprehensive and overarching manner. The challenges often call for voluntary actions by businesses to demonstrate responsible behaviour and effective responses to social and environmental problems - both in the domestic and international contexts. The demands also call upon the public sector to reinforce corporate leadership and to use other policy tools such as economic and regulatory instruments to encourage CSR.

Moreover, the challenges for action can differ considerably from one stakeholder group to another. For example, the demands can range from a call for more disclosure of information to demands for improved stakeholder involvement to requests for changes in management practices to proposals for altering the relationships between company directors, business managers, auditors, shareholders, debt holders, employees, suppliers, customers, community members, and other stakeholders. Some of the challenges are oriented to the ways that businesses manage their internal operations such as human resources management while others are directed at the ways that a business interacts with the rest of the community and society (e. g. human rights, consumers, and supplier relationships).

Conclusion.

In conclusion it can be underlined, that companies that embrace corporate responsibility can open doors on new markets, new opportunities and new relationships, set the scene for long term profitability and increase the competitiveness of the communities in which they operate. Conversely, companies that fail to manage their responsibilities to society as a whole risk losing their so-called License to Operate - the unwritten authority to do business that is granted by a company’s stakeholders at large.

Taking everything into account, the author points out that stakeholder views and their expectations of corporate behavior are shaped by what they see happening in the world around them. Thus with today’s communication networks, the world extends from the local neighborhood to the planet as a whole.

Приложение Б. Программа исследования

Тема: "Востокгазпром" в зеркале прессы"

Методологическая часть.

1.1 Проблемная ситуация: В 2008 году PR-отделом компании "Востокгазпром" было подготовлено и проведено множество социальных проектов, таких как "Плавучая поликлиника", "Газификация", помощь детям г. Томска и Томской области в рамках программы "Газпром детям" и др. В связи с достаточно активным проявлением социальной ответственности, для руководства компании было бы целесообразно выяснить, появился ли интерес у СМИ г. Томска к данным проектам или СМИ интересуют только темы, касающиеся вопросов развития компании и производственной деятельности, как и прежде.

1.2 Проблема: Какая информация, касающаяся ОАО "Востокгазпром" вызвала наибольший резонанс в СМИ г. Томска в четвертом квартале 2008 года?

1.3 Цель исследования: Выяснить какие темы, касающиеся ОАО "Востокгазпром" в наибольшей степени интересовали СМИ г. Томска в четвертом квартале 2008 года.

1.4 Задачи исследования:

1.4 1 Проанализировать материалы, касающиеся деятельности ОАО "Востокгазпром", вышедшие в томских СМИ в октябре - декабре 2008 года;

1.4 2 Выявить темы, по которым будет распределяться вся информация, вышедшая в СМИ г. Томска в четвертом квартале 2008 года об ОАО "Востокгазпром;

1.4 3 Распределить по категориям всю информацию, вышедшую в СМИ г. Томска в четвертом квартале 2008 года об ОАО "Востокгазпром.

1.5 Объект и предмет исследования.

Объект исследования - печатные и электронные СМИ г. Томска.

Предмет исследования - публикации и транслируемая информация с упоминанием ОАО "Востокгазпром".

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