Дипломная работа: Совершенствование туристско-экскурсионного обслуживания иностранных туристов в Санкт Петербурге
In
all, the Central Naval Museum stocks more than 8,000 items, among them there
are models of ancient and modern ships, navigation tools, patterns of weapon
and equipment, maps, photos, flags and banners, war booty, personal belongings
of the famous Russian navigators, rich collections of paintings and
numismatics. The oldest exhibit displayed is the ancient dug-out, the archaeologists
date back to the 1st millennium B.C. The museum treasures «The grandfather of
the Russian Fleet» - the famous botik (a small vessel) of Peter I.
10. Rostral Columns
Arch.
J.-F. Thomas de Thomon (1805-1816), Birzhevaya ploshchad
Early
in the history of St. Petersburg the Strelka (spit) of Vasilevsky Island, the
largest island of the Neva delta, was intended to become the heart of downtown
St Petersburg. Some of the buildings, such as the Customs House, still remain
from that time, although downtown shifted onto the left bank of the river. In
the early 19th century one of St. Petersburg»s most elegant architectural
ensembles appeared on the eastern edge of the island. The imposing white colonnaded
building of the Stock Exchange was its focal point, and was flanked by two
Rostral Columns. The Stock Exchange, designed by the French architect Thomas de
Tomon and built in 1805-10, was inspired by Ancient Greek and Roman
architecture. The two Rostral Columns, studded with ships» prows, served as
oil-fired navigation beacons in 1800s (on some public holidays gas torches are
still lit today).
The excursion termination № 2, the bus 259 to the underground the
Neva avenue.
Walking tour № 3. The
excursion beginning M. Nevskiy Prospekt
Food places
Nevskiy prospekt, h. 31, restaurant «The seventh visitor» (European cuisine)
Griboedova kanal, h. 22, restaurant
«Blow up» (Japanese cuisine)
Italyanskaya ul., h. 15, Fish restaurant «7Skybar»
Sadovaya ul, h. 6, restaurant «EGO» (European cuisine)
Fonntanka nab. reki 9, restaurant «9 PUB» (Irish cuisine)
Moyki nab. reki, h. 2b, restaurant «Adamant» (Russian cuisine)
Konushennaya ul, h. 19/8, restaurant «Carlsberg Bar» (European cuisine)
Griboedova kanal, h. 14, restaurant «Chayka» (German cuisine)
1. The Duma Tower
Arch. D.Ferrari (1799-1804), Nevskiy prospekt, 33
The City
Duma building was the center of local government 1786-1918.
The Duma Tower seen on the left, was built 1799-1804 as a
watchtower for fires. Ironically the tower was severely damaged by fire itself
in 1998, but has since been restored.
The adjacent building on the left of the tower is the Municipal
Assembly or Duma itself with its numerous offices and the Grand Assembly Hall.
The original 18th century building was redesigned in the neo Renaissance style
by Nikolai Efimov and rebuilt between 1847 and 1852. Some additional reconstruction
work was also done in 1913. Low fourth floor level was added in 1914.
2. The Zinger Company Building (House of Books)
Arch. P. Suzor (1902-1904), Nevskiy prospekt, 62
Singer building in St. Petersburg is
a historical and architectural heritage building and owned by the federal
government. Seven-storey building, built in modern style (1902-1904) for
«Singer» manufacturing company, occupies about 7000 square meters. Management
of «Singer» corporation wanted to build a skyscraper, similar to the «Singer»
building in New York City, but it was not allowed to build houses more than 22
m tall in the center of St. Petersburg. The architect constructed a tower with
a globe made of glass on the top that made an impression of a «Skyscraper», but
didn»t block the view on other important buildings of the city center.
3. Mikhaylovskiy Palace (The State Russian Museum)
Arch. С Rossi, art. V.
Demut-Malinovskiy, S.Pimenov (1819-1825)
Inzhenernaya ulitsa, 4
4. The State Russian Museum (Mikhaylovskiy
Palace)
All the buildings surrounding this square accommodate museums or
theaters of some kind. To orient yourself, stand facing the front of the
sculpture to Pushkin. On your left stands the yellow Maly Opera and Ballet
Theater, named after the Russian composer Musorgsky. Designed by Alexander
Bryullov, it opened in 1833. The internationally renowned dance company
performs to the music of the world»s most beloved ballets during the regular season.
If you look ahead, you will see the Russian Museum. While the
world-famous Hermitage houses Russia»s greatest collection of international
art, this gallery retains solely the great works of the country»s own painters
and sculptors. These were collected by the czars over the centuries of their
rule. The architect Carlo Rossi originally designed the building for the
brother of Czar Nicholas I, the Grand Duke Mikhail, and completed it in 1825.
It opened as a museum in 1898 as the czar»s gift to the Russian public.
The street onto which the museum fronts is known as Engineer»s
Street. Head east on it until you reach Sadovaya Street. You»ll know you»re
there when you spot the tracks for the city trams which run its length. Turn
left and head down Sadovaya. You»ll soon come upon a park situated to your
left. Continue along. Opposite the gated entry to the park lies the
Mikhailovsky (Engineers») Castle, painted orange. Cross the street and make
your way onto the castle grounds.
5. Monument of A. Pushkin
Art. M.Anikushin (1957)
6. The Russian
Ethnographical
Museum-lngenernaya ulitsa, 4/1
The Russian Museum of Ethnography is
one of the largest and famous museums in the world. Its collection contains
above half a million objects and creates a broad picture of traditional life
and culture of more than 150 peoples of Russia from the 18th-20th centuries.
The Museum was founded as the
Ethnographic Department of the Russian Museum in 1895. In 1934 it became an
independent scientific and cultural institution - the State Museum of
Ethnography of the peoples of Russia, and since 1991 it carries the title the
Russian Museum of Ethnography
7. The Monument to Peter I
Arch. F. Volkov, A. Mikhaylov, art.
K.-B. Rastrclli, I. Terebenev, V. Demut-Malinovskiy (1745-1747)
In
1716, emperor Peter the Great commissioned the Italian sculptor Carlo
Bartolomeo Rastrelli, father of his favorite architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli, to
design an equestrian statue in commemoration of the Russian victories over Sweden
in the Great Northern War. Rastrelli worked for eight years with a model of the
monument before it was approved by the emperor in 1724. But as the emperor died
the following year, work halted and the sculpture»s casting was only completed
after the sculptor»s death, by 1747,only to remain in a local warehouse,and not
to be erected until 53 years later. In the meantime, Catherine the Great had
ordered another monument in memory of her predecessor Peter the Great - the Bronze
Horseman, the most famous statue of Peter the Great in St Petersburg. At the
base of the Bronze Horseman, Catherine even linked her name with Peter the
Great, an expression of Catherine»s attitude toward her predecessor and her
view of her own place in the line of great Russian rulers. Catherine, who,
having gained her position through a palace coup, had no legal claim to the
throne, was anxious to appear as Peter»s rightful heir.
Only
in 1800, during the reign of emperor Paul I, was the Monument to Peter I
finally erected. It was placed on a pedestal faced with green, red and white-shaded
Finnish marble that is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting scenes of two
Russian victories over Sweden during the Great Northern War, the Battle of
Poltava and the Battle of Hangö, and also an allegorical composition with
trophies. The Russian victories at Poltava and near Hangö, Finland helped
Russia become the dominant power in the north of the continent. Peter the Great
led his troops to both victories.
By
order of emperor Paul I, the inscription «To Great Grandfather from Great
Grandson» (Прадеду - правнук) was made on the pedestal, a subtle but obvious
mockery of the Latin «Petro Primo Catherina Secunda», the pompous dedication by
Catherine the Great on the Bronze Horseman.
During
the World War II, the equestrian statue of Peter I was removed from its
pedestal and sheltered from the 900-day German siege of the city. In 1945, the
statue was restored and returned to its pedestal.
8. (9) Mikhaylovskiy Castle
(Engineer»s Castle)
(The Branch of The State Russian
Museum)
Arch. V. Bazhenov, V. Brenna
(1797-1808)
MIKHAILOVSKY
CASTLE (ENGINEERS» CASTLE)
This building was designed by the Russian architect Vasily
Bazhenov and was used as the personal residence of Czar Paul I. The original
layout reflected his great fear of being assassinated (see thumbnail sketch on
page 8). In Paul»s day, water surrounded the building on all four sides. Drawbridges
offered access during the day, but they were raised at night to prevent
entrance by would-be murderers. Twenty bronze cannon looked out onto the city
from within the palace grounds to defend the czar.
Alas! His paranoia proved to be well-founded, but his preventive
steps failed to measure up to the task. After living here only forty days, Paul
was strangled as part of a court intrigue involving his son, the future Alexander
I.
Paul»s murder occurred in March 1801. The castle remained vacant
after his death for nearly twenty years. In 1819, a school for military
engineers opened here. Reportedly, young cadets occasionally saw the ghost of
Paul prowling the corridors of the castle.
The cadets numbered among their ranks the young Feodor Dostoevsky.
The future writer studied literature, history, drawing, and architecture here.
Long into the night, he would remain awake reading in his second floor room,
which looked out onto the Fontanka River. A year after his graduation in 1844,
Dostoevsky left the engineers to concentrate on writing.
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