Дипломная работа: Economic bases of innovative activity in public health services
5. Bases of safety of ability to live
5.1 Legal
bases of a labour safety
Labour
safety? System of safety of a life and health of workers in the course of the
labour activity, including legal, social and economic, organizational,
sanitary-and-hygienic, medical-hygienic, rehabilitation and other actions. We
will describe the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of a
labour safety the Legislation of the Russian Federation on a labour safety
consists of corresponding norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation,
Legal bases of a labour safety [27, with. 123-127] and published according to
them законодательских and other statutory acts of the Russian Federation and
republics as a part of the Russian Federation. Guarantees of realisation of the
rights of workers on a labour safety and standard requirements on a labour
safety are established by acts of republics as a part of the Russian
Federation, cannot be below guarantees and standard requirements, are provided
by Legal bases of a labour safety [27, with. 125]. Actions of the present Bases
extends on:? The enterprises, establishments and the organisations (further?
The enterprises) all patterns of ownership irrespective of sphere of economic
activities and departmental subordination;? Employers;? The workers consisting
with employers in labour relations;? Workers of co-operative societies;?
Students of educational institutions of the higher and average vocational
training, pupils of educational institutions of average, initial vocational
training and the educational institutions of the basic general education
passing an industrial practice;? The military men involved for work at the
enterprises;? The citizens who are serving time on a sentence of court in their
work at the enterprises. On the citizens of the Russian Federation working on
hiring in other states, the legislation on a labour safety of the
states-employers, and on foreign citizens and persons without the citizenship,
working on the enterprises which are in jurisdiction of the Russian Federation
extends, the legislation on a labour safety of the Russian Federation if other
is not provided international by contracts (agreements) of the Russian
Federation extends. We will describe main principles of a state policy in the
field of a labour safety the State policy in the field of a labour safety
provides joint actions of bodies of a legislative and executive power of the
Russian Federation and republics as a part of the Russian Federation,
associations of employers, trade unions in the name of their corresponding
bodies and other representative bodies authorised by workers on improvement of
conditions and labour safeties, to the prevention of an industrial traumatism
and occupational diseases. The basic directions of a state policy in the field
of a labour safety are:? A recognition and maintenance of a priority of a life
and health of workers in relation to results of industrial activity of the
enterprise;? Coordination of activity in the field of a labour safety, other
areas economic, social policy, and also in the field of protection of a
surrounding environment;? An establishment of uniform standard requirements on
a labour safety for the enterprises of all patterns of ownership irrespective
of sphere of economic activities and departmental subordination;? The
government of activity in the field of a labour safety, including the state
supervision and the control of observance of legislative and other statutory
acts about a labour safety;? Public control over observance of legitimate
rights and interests работ6никаов in the field of a labour safety on the
manufacture, carried out by workers through trade unions in the name of their
corresponding bodies and others authorised by workers representative bodies;? Interactions
and cooperation of state bodies, supervision and the control over employers,
trade unions in the name of their corresponding bodies and other authorised
workers, representative the bodies interested in working out and practical
realisation of a state policy in the field of a labour safety;? Carrying out of
the effective tax policy stimulating creation of healthy and safe working
conditions, working out and introduction safe technicians and technologies,
means collective and an individual defence of workers;? Application of economic
sanctions with a view of observance by the enterprises and workers of standard
requirements on a labour safety;? Maintenance of workers with the special
clothes, special footwear, means collective and an individual defence, the
treatment-and-prophylactic food, necessary prophylactics at the expense of
means of employers;? Obligatory investigation of each accident and occupational
disease on manufacture;? An establishment of indemnifications and privileges
for a laborious work and works with harmful or dangerous working conditions,
ineradicable at a modern technological level of manufacture and the
organisation ore;? Protection of interests of the workers who suffered from
unfortunate case on manufacture or have received occupational disease, and also
members from families;? Preparation of experts in the field of a labour safety,
including in educational institutions of the higher and average vocational training;?
An establishment of the state statistical reporting about working conditions,
about accidents on manufacture and occupational diseases;? Informing of workers
on a condition of conditions and a labour safety at the enterprises;?
Realisation of actions for propagation of an advanced experience in the field
of a labour safety;? The international cooperation at the decision of problems
of a labour safety. The state in the name of bodies of a legislative and
executive power taking into account consultations of associations of employers.
Professional the unions in the name of their corresponding bodies and other
authorised workers, representative bodies develops, carries out and
periodically reconsiders the co-ordinated policy in the field of a labour
safety. Some words about guarantees of the worker on the rights on a labour
safety. Each worker has the right to a labour safety, including:? On a
workplace protected from influence of harmful or dangerous production factors
which can cause an industrial trauma, occupational disease or working capacity
decrease;? On compensation of the harm caused to it by a mutilation,
occupational disease or other damage of the health, connected with execution of
labour duties by it;? On reception of a trustworthy information a prize of the
employer or the state or public bodies about a condition of conditions and
labour safeties on a workplace of the worker, about existing risk of damage of
health, and also about the accepted measures on its protection against
influence of harmful or dangerous production factors;? On refusal without any
unreasonable consequences for it from performance of works in case of
occurrence of direct danger to his life and health before elimination of this
danger;? On maintenance with means collective and an individual defence
according to requirements of legislative and other statutory acts about a
labour safety at the expense of means of the employer;? On training to safe
methods and receptions of work at the expense of means of the employer;? On
professional retraining at the expense of means of the employer in case of a
suspension of activity or closing of the enterprise, shop, a site or
liquidation of a workplace owing to unsatisfactory working conditions, and also
in case of disability in connection with unfortunate a case on manufacture or
occupational disease;? On carrying out of inspection by bodies of the state
supervision and the control or public control of conditions and a labour
safety, including on demand of the worker on its workplace;? On participation
in check and consideration of the questions connected with improvement of
conditions and a labour safety. The state in the name of bodies legislative,
executive and judicial authority guarantees the right to a labour safety to the
workers participating in labour process under the labour contract (contract) with
employers. Conditions labour (contract) contract should correspond to
requirements legislative and other statutory acts about a labour safety. In the
labour contract (contract) authentic characteristics of working conditions,
indemnifications and privileges are specified to workers for a laborious work
and works with harmful or dangerous working conditions. For the period of a
suspension of works at the enterprise, in shop or on a site, a workplace in a
consequence of infringement of the legislation on a labour safety, standard
requirements on a labour safety not because of the worker, behind it the work
place, a post and average earnings remain.
5.2 Planning of actions for a labour safety
In
connection with inclusion of questions of a labour safety of workers of branch
in the Concept of development of public health services and a medical science
in the Russian Federation, considering the numerous offers arriving from
controls, establishments of public health services and the trade-union
organisations, on the basis of the Recommendations confirmed by the decision of
Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation from 29.12.96? 74, Ministry of
Health of Russia has prepared the project of the Program which has been
considered and approved at session of Board of Ministry of Health of Russia
23.12.97. The program consists of 4 sections: 1) Legal and standard maintenance
of protection works. 2) organizational and technical maintenance of a labour
safety. 3) training of workers on a labour safety, a supply with information in
the field of a labour safety. 4) scientific maintenance of a labour safety. The
Program purpose? Working out of prime measures under the prevention of an
industrial traumatism and the professional ache diseases, elimination of the
negative moments in the organisation of this work. Program section 1 provides
work on revision operating and working out of new rules and typical
instructions on a labour safety and safe operation of branches, offices,
laboratories, the equipment of establishments of public health services and
Gossanepidnadzor. Financing of these works is supposed to be carried out at the
expense of means of the Federal budget. Section 2 provides working out of
programs of improvement of conditions and protection work at level of controls
and establishments of public health services of subjects of the Russian
Federation (there where such programs are not developed yet). In section 3
creation of system of improvement of professional skill concerning a labour safety
for heads, experts, attendants, working out differentiated (according to volume
of performed work) training programs on a labour safety is provided. Training
of heads will be carried out on the basis of the Russian medical academy
последипломного formations and on places, the medical institutions having the
permission to the right of training concerning a labour safety. The basic
actions of section 4 are researches of working conditions and preparation of
scientifically well-founded offers on a work and rest mode, and also on
granting of privileges and indemnification workers of the branch, working in
especially harmful and dangerous working conditions. These actions it is
planned to carry out forces of a branch science. It is supposed to provide financing
at the expense of means of Federal fund of obligatory medical insurance.
Planning of actions for a labour safety consists in working out of instructions
on a labour safety, actually planning of actions, the control over carrying out
of these actions and observance of instructions, and also to investigation of
accidents and the illnesses connected with dangerous factors at realisation of
professional work. Instructions on a labour safety can be developed for workers
of separate trades, and for separate kinds of works. Instructions are developed
for workers on the basis of typical instructions, safety requirements stated in
operational and repair documents of the equipment, used on the given
enterprise, and also in the technological documentation of this enterprise
taking into account conditions of production. Instructions by trades and on
separate kinds of works are developed for workers according to the list which
is made by a protection service of work of the enterprise with participation of
heads of divisions.
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