Дипломная работа: Economic bases of innovative activity in public health services
Дипломная работа: Economic bases of innovative activity in public health services
Table of
contents
Introduction
1. Theoretical bases of the economic
and legal substantiation of realization of innovative activity
1.1 Economic bases of innovative
activity
1.2 Legal bases of innovative activity
1.3 Working out and the analysis of
the innovative project
2. The technique of the estimation of
efficiency of the innovative project
2.1 Existing technique of an
estimation of the investment project
2.2 Offered model of an estimation of
efficiency of the innovative project
2.3 Comparison of standard and offered
models of an estimation of efficiency of the innovative project
3. The estimation of efficiency of the
innovative project in public health services
3.1 Estimation of efficiency of the
innovative project by a standard technique
3.2 Estimation of efficiency of the
innovative project by an offered technique
3.3 Comparison of estimations of
efficiency of the innovative project on standard and offered models
4. Management of the personnel of the
scientific organizations
4.1 Personnel of the scientific
organisations
4.2 Motivation of the personnel in the
scientific organisations
4.3 Problem of a choice of the optimum
schedule (mode) of work in the scientific organisations
5. Bases of safety of ability to live
5.1 Legal bases of a labour safety
5.2 Planning of actions for a labour
safety
The conclusion
The literature list
Introduction
In modern
conditions successful activity of medical institutions is in many respects
defined by activity of economic service since the changes which have occurred
in all spheres of our society, could not lay aside public health services. In
the conditions of transition to the market without strengthening of an economic
orientation of activity of the head it is difficult to count on stable work of
establishment. So, is precipitate to sign contracts, to enter new medical
services and to make other important decisions without corresponding economic
examination. In this connection for medical institutions there is actual a
question of the analysis and economic activities planning. Many of methods of
economic (especially financial) analysis are not new in itself, but those are
only in relation to public health services. Application (adaptation) of these
methods to features of concrete area? A problem difficult enough, demanding the
big work and qualification [12].
In the
present degree work the innovative project of manufacture of iatrotechnics on
the basis of treatment-and-prophylactic establishment will be considered.
Offered in the given degree work to consideration the innovative project is
developed for a substantiation of manufacture and realisation of the new
medical device? The biotest?, intended for diagnostics and treatment of many of
disease on a method to the developed R.Follem. This direction in medical branch
has started to develop only in the last some years, and its further expansion
is planned. Development of this direction has the big prospects in view of that
R.Follja's method allows to treat many diseases, including congenital, and
medical institutions engaged in diagnostics and treatment on R.Follja's method
which will be the basic buyers of the device? The biotest?, can organise the
activity in such a manner that technology use would make notable profit.
Medical
institutions, private clinics and simply separate doctors constantly expand a
field of the activity, all new and new services render, and aspire to receive
from them benefit. Device "Biotest" allows to organise the whole
medical office on research and treatment, helps with many branches of medicine.
For example R.Follja's method is applied in stomatology to diagnostics of compatibility
of the material, seals offered the patient and crowns, with its organism. The
purpose of degree work is the substantiation of expediency of introduction of
the innovative project on manufacture of the new device? The biotest?.
For
achievement of this purpose in work following problems are solved:
1) to
Describe the theoretical? Economic and legal? Bases of innovative activity.
2) to
develop own model of an estimation of efficiency of the innovative project.
3) to
spend the comparative description of standard and offered model of an
estimation of efficiency of the innovative project.
4) For
the considered innovative project? Device manufactures? The biotest?? To spend
an efficiency estimation by both techniques, standard and developed in the
present degree work.
5) to
consider the important questions concerning innovative activity, such as
questions of management of the personnel in the scientific organisations and
ability to live safety issues at realisation of innovative activity. In the
appendix to the present degree work the Passport of the innovative project is
resulted.
1.
Theoretical bases of the economic and legal substantiation of realization of
innovative activity
1.1 Economic
bases of innovative activity
Before to
speak about the economic bases of innovative activity, we will short describe
the basic terms and the concepts connected with innovative activity (in the
field of public health services) [26]. According to a management of Fraskati
(the document is accepted in 1993 in the Italian city of Fraskati) the
innovation is defined as the end result of the innovative activity which has
received an embodiment in the form of a new or advanced product (service),
introduced on the market, new or advanced technological process, or in the new
approach to social services. In other words the innovation (innovation) means
result of the creative activity directed on working out, creation and
distribution of new kinds of products, technologies, introductions of new
organizational forms etc. [31]. In this connection it is necessary to consider
the term an innovation as registration of result fundamental, applied or
experimental researches in any field of activity, promoting development and
increase of efficiency of this activity [47]. Besides opinions of authors of
various editions, in terminology questions it is necessary to consider standard
documents. So in the project of the Federal law? About innovative activity and
the state innovative policy? Following definitions of concepts considered in
the present degree work [62] are given:? An innovation - the end result of the
creative activity which has received realisation in the form of new either
advanced production, or the new or advanced technological process used in an
economic turn;? Innovative activity? Creation of the new or advanced
production, the new or advanced technological process, realised in an economic
turn with use of scientific researches, workings out, developmental works, or
other scientific and technical achievements;? The state innovative policy? The
component of a social and economic policy directed on development and
stimulation of innovative activity;? Venture innovative funds? The
noncommercial organisations established legal and (or) physical persons on the
basis of voluntary property payments and (or) voluntary investment in exchange
for a share in the share capital, the creations focused on financing,
development in manufacture of new kinds of production and (or) the technologies
connected with a high risk;? An infrastructure of innovative activity? The
organisations rendering subjects of innovative activity of service, necessary
for realisation of innovative activity. In connection with the above-stated the
central concept for the present degree research? The innovative project? It is
necessary to define as follows. As the innovative project we will understand
the introduction business plan (manufactures and sales) innovative working out
(the new goods, service or technology). The business plan, in turn, is both a
substantiation of economic feasibility of introduction of an innovation, and
planning of actions for realisation of the project [46]. Following kinds of
activity concern innovative activity [63]: performance of the research, developmental
and technological works directed on creation of new or advanced production, the
new or advanced technological process, realised in an economic turn; Carrying
out of marketing researches and the organisation of commodity markets of
innovative products; creation and development of an innovative infrastructure;
preparation and retraining of personnel for innovative activity; protection,
transfer and acquisition of the rights to objects of intellectual property both
the confidential scientific and technological information; realisation of
technological re-equipment and manufacture preparation; realisation of tests,
certifications and standardization of new processes, products and products; the
initial period of manufacture of new or advanced production, application of new
or advanced technology before achievement of a standard time of recovery of
outlay of the innovative project; financing of innovative activity, including
realisation of investments into innovative programs and projects; other kinds
of works which necessary for realisation of innovative activity and are not
contradicting the legislation of the Russian Federation. Further from the
conceptual device we will pass to the description of the economic bases of
innovative activity. Above it was already told about necessity of steadfast
consideration of the questions connected with an economic aspect of activity of
treatment-and-prophylactic establishments. The first, what it is necessary to
note in this connection? This increase of the importance of economic service in
activity of the medical institutions, connected with increase of the importance
of financial indicators. Other moment? This essential change last years
character of economic work, increase of its complexity and labour input?
Complexity and labour input of economic work in public health services is
connected, first of all, with expansion of sources of financing, various
principles of planning [40]. The Major factors influencing occurrence of new
directions in economic work of medical institutions, Changes in public health
services economic mechanism are following [53: 1]). 2) the Computerization of
establishments of public health services. 3) changes of the status and the
organizational-legal form of medical institutions, their transformation into
full managing subjects with the wide rights in questions of the organisation of
the work. One of the major kinds of economic work traditionally is planning. In
modern conditions its relative density. However in modern conditions instead of
charges of medical institutions priority value starts to get costs planning on
the medical aid rendering, called to provide coordination of resources with
volumes of the rendered services, instead of quantity of capacities (the areas,
cots, states etc.) [20]. By consideration of new tendencies in approaches to
the analysis of economic activities of medical institutions what varies not
only toolkit of the economic analysis, but also a methodological basis is
essentially important? The economic analysis of work of medical institution
acts as the analysis of activity of the independent and full managing subject,
instead of simply consumer of resources as it was earlier [39]. Rather new
sphere of activity of economic service is pricing. This problem has got the practical
importance in connection with introduction of a new economic mechanism and
obligatory medical insurance [35]. In the conditions of market relations at an
establishment of the sizes of a payment it is necessary to consider a supply
and demand both on a labour market, and in the market of medical services [48].
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