Курсовая работа: Difficulties in Translation of Publicistic Headlines and their Pragmatic Aspect
Pakistani soldiers storm mosque (солдаты Пакистана взяли штурмом мечеть);
Strong earthquake strikes Mexico - Strong
earthquake has struck Mexico (сильное землетрясение обрушилось на
Мексику);
NASA robot to dig on Mars ( робот
НАСА будет раскапывать почву Марса);
Actress Collette expecting child – Actress Collette is expecting
child (актриса Колетт ждет ребенка) [5]
3) the translation must retain the
same communicative function as the source text. The description and enumeration
of speech functions can be found in the work by R. Jakobson, who pointed out
the following:
·
informative
function, i.e. conveying information: Лавры моего конкурента не дают мне спать. – I am green with envy because of
the success of my competitor.
·
emotive
function, i.e. expressing the speaker’s emotions: На кой леший мне такой друг? – What on earth do I need such a
friend for?
·
poetic
function, i.e. aesthetic impact:
Tiger, Tiger, burning bright,
In the forests of the night;
What immortal hand or eye,
Could frame thy fearful symmetry? (W.Blake)
Тигр, Тигр, в лесу ночном
Мрачный взгляд горит огнем.
Чья бессмертная рука
Жизнь влила в твои бока? (Пер. К.Филатовой)
These sentences have only one thing
in common: general intent of communication, communication aim, or function. At
first glance, the source and target texts have no obvious logical connection;
they usually designate different situations, have no common semes (i.e.
smallest components of meaning), and have different grammar structures.
Chapter III Establishing
pragmatic value of publicistic headlines and difficulties of their translation
from English into Russian
3.1 Pragmatic functions of publicistic headlines
This research
paper is based on studying 100 headlines, 50 of publicistic headlines analyzing
in pragmatic functions and 50 headlines difficulties of their
translation from English into Russian.
The selected
headlines have been divided according to pragmatic functions. Here is given the
analysis of Russian and English headlines on the syntactical levels.
Metaphor.
transference of names based on the associated likeness between two objects, on
the similarity of one feature common to two different entities, on possessing
one common characteristic, on linguistic semantic nearness, on a common
component in their semantic structures.
Examples:
·
“COSMIC
DANCE”
(Daily Nation,
01.02.10, p.12)
The metaphor “Cosmic
Dance” implies unusual dances. The redactor compares “cosmic” and “dance”,
because in “Lime club” the dances were unusual, like a cosmic movement.
·
“BLANKET
OF DARKNESS FROM VOLCANO”
(Daily Nation,
05.04.10, p.25)
Blanket of
Darkness” is a genuine metaphor, quite unexpected and rather effective.
“Blanket of Darkness” implies a present from volcano or volcano eruption in
Iceland.
·
“THE
STORM CLOUDS THICKENED OVER UKRAINE”
(КОММЕРСАНТЪ, 09.08.09, p.15)
The storm
clouds thickened” implies tense struggle between elections. In order to
demonstrate the hot atmosphere in Ukraine, the redactor uses the metaphor The
storm clouds thickened
·
“A
BRIDGE TO THE PAST”
(Daily Nation, 14.01.10, p.5)
A bridge to the past” is a symbol of
connection between present and the past time. The redactor uses “A bridge to
the past”, to show that the old fashion from the past comes back in the
present.
·
“A
TURBULENT PAST LEONARDO”
(Daily Nation, 08.02.10, p.43)
“A turbulent past” implies active
life in the past. Leonardo de Capri tells in interview about his “turbulent”
life at teenage age.
Metonymy. transference of names based
on nearness, on axtralinguistic, actually existing relations between the
objects, denoted by the words, on common grounds of existence in reality but
different semantic. It is based on a different type of relation between the
dictionary and contextual meanings, a relation based not on identification, but
on some kind of association connecting the two concepts which these meanings
represent.
Examples:
·
“SPORT
IN NASA MISSION CONTROL”
·
(Daily
Nation, 23.03.10, p.32)
“NASA Mission control” is a metonymy
and it symbolizes Texas, for which the call sign is "Houston". The
author implies that the spot was in Houston, largest city in the state of
Texas.
·
“THE
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH BEGIN TALKS ON NEW LAWS” (Daily Nation, 12.03.10, p.21)
“The Roman Catholic Church” is
metonymy which author uses. He implies the pope and Catholic bishops, which met in Nakuru to discuss the draft constitution, among
other things.
·
“NEW
FILM IN AMERICAN FILM & TELEVISION INDUSTRY”
(Daily Nation, 12.03.10, p.45)
The American
film and television industry” is metonymy which symbolizes a section of Los
Angeles. It is Hollywood which makes a new film.
·
“GENEVA EIGHT RED CROSS STAFF KIDNAPPED IN DRC”
(Daily Nation,
13.03.10, p.26)
“Eight red
cross staff” is eight person, who symbolizes the doctors from Switzerland. They
were kidnapped in DRC. “DRC” is Democratic
Republic of Congo, which is also abbreviation.
·
"The
White House said: `Yes' FOCUS ON CONSTITUTION "
(Daily Nation,
13.03.10, p.9)
"The
White House said" is a metonym for the president and his staff, because
the White House is not part of the president or his staff but is closely
associated with them.
Irony. - is a stylistic device in
which the contextual evaluative meaning of a word is directly opposite to its
dictionary meaning - is the contradiction between the said and implied. It must
not be confused with humour.
Examples:
Hard Times Café’
close down
(Daily Nation,
16.03.10, p.08)
"Hard
Times Cafe" is irony and implies something bad and sad. The restaurant
called "Hard Times Cafe" has closed down because of the recession
productions.
3.2
Difficulties in translation of publicistic headlines
Usually
headings share on three categories:
1) headlines
in Present simple. They say that someone has made any action.
Examples:
·
“Unemployed Man Wins £ 1M” - Безработный
выиграл миллион фунтов.
(Daily Nation, 14.03.10, p.16)
The tendency
to laconic and brevity in headlines has led to that unnecessary, insignificant
words from them simply throw out. In particular, it concerns definite and
indefinite articles, in headlines very seldom can to meet such words, as “a”,
“an” and “the”. Also the auxiliary verbs fall out from headlines. The usual sentence is - unemployed man has won a
million pounds.
·
“Forgotten Brother Appears” - Забытый брат вернулся
(Daily Nation, 14.03.10, p.19)
As the usual offer: A forgotten brother has appeared. In
headline we have not the article “a” and
the auxiliary
verb “has”.
·
“Violent protests in Jakarta over
Islamic tomb” - Сильные протесты в Джакарте на Исламские могилы
(Daily Nation, 15.03.10, p.26)
As the usual offer: The violent has protested in Jakarta
over Islamic tomb. In headline we have not the article “the” and the auxiliary verb “has”.
·
“Woman
locks up utility worker over unpaid bill” - Женщина запирает сервисного
рабочего по неоплаченному счету.
(Daily Nation, 15.03.10, p.31)
As the usual offer: A women has locked up the utility
worker over of the unpaid bill.
·
“Villagers build on glory of school they burnt 57 years ago” - Сельские
жители основываются на славе школы, которую они сожгли 57 лет назад
(Daily Nation, 14.03.10, p.33)
As the usual offer: The villagers have built on the glory
of school, which they burnt 57 years ago.
·
“Revenue
triples after return of displaced families” - Доход утраивается после возвращения перемещенных семей
(Daily Nation, 14.03.10, p.48)
As the usual offer: The revenue has tripled after return of
the displaced families.
·
“Adebayor
says bye-bye to international soccer” - Адебайор говорит пока международному футболу.
(Daily Nation, 14.03.10, p.51)
As the usual offer: Adebayor has said bye-bye to the
international soccer.
·
“Champion
seeks to set new record in London” - Чэмпайон стремится установить новый рекорд
в Лондоне
(Daily Nation, 16.03.10, p.9)
As the usual offer: The champion has sought to set a new
record in London.
·
“Amend new laws first, say elders” -
Исправьте новые законы сначала, говорят старшие
(Daily Nation, 02.03.10, p.10)
As the usual offer: Amend the new laws, have said the
elders.
·
“Large
team of runners battle for qualification” - Большая
команда бегунов
борются за квалификацию
(Daily Nation, 16.03.10, p.16)
As the usual offer: Large team of the runners have battled
for the qualification.
·
“Nuclear Weapons Obama presses for Iran
action” - Ядерное оружие Обамы требует действия Ирана
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