Курсовая работа: Difficulties in Translation of Publicistic Headlines and their Pragmatic Aspect

- Aid Cuts Row (= There has been a disagreement about the reduction in aid. Aid and Cuts is both noun).

- Cuts Aid Rebels (= the reduction in aid is helping the revolutionaries. Cuts is a noun, Aid is a verb).

f. Headlines often use infinitives to refer to the future.

- PM to visit Australia.

- Hospitals to take fewer patients.

For is also used to refer to future movements or plants.

- TROOPS FOR GLASGOW? (= Are soldiers going to be sent to Glasgow?).

g. Auxiliary verbs are usually dropped from passive structures, leaving past participles.

- Murder Hunt: Man Held (=…a man is being held by police.)

- Six killed In Explosion (=Six people have been killed…).

Note that forms like held, attacked are usually part participles with passive meanings, not past tenses (which are rare are newspaper headlines). Compare:

- AID ROW: PRESTDENT ATTACTED (=…The President has attacked.)

- AID ROW: PRESTDENT ATTACTED CRITICS (=…The President has attacked her critics.)

- Boy Found Safe (= The missing boy had been found safe.)

- Boy Find Safe (= A boy has found a safe.)

h. A color is often used to separate the subject of a headline from what is said about it.

Strikes: PM to ACT.

Motorway crash: Death toll rises. Quotation marks (‘…’) are used to show that words were said by some else, and that the newspaper does not necessarily claim that they are time.

- Crash Driver ‘Had been drinking’

A question mark (?) is often used when something is not certain.

- Crisis over by September?

Short words save space, and so they are very common in newspaper headlines. Some of the short words in headlines are unusual in ordinary language (e.g. curb, meaning ’restrict’ or ‘restriction’), and some are used in special senses which they do not often have in ordinary language (e.g. big, meaning ‘attempt’). Other words are chosen not because they are short, but because they sound dramatic (e.g. blare, which means ‘big fire’, and is used in headlines to refer to any fire). The following is a list of common headline vocabulary.

Act - take action: do something.

-Foot Crisis: Government to act.

Aid – military or financial help: to help

-More aid for poor countries.

-Unions aid hospital strikers.

Alert – alarm, warning.

-Flood alert on east coast.

Allege – make on accusation.

- Woman alleges unfair treatment.

Appears – appear in court accused of a crime.

- MP to appear on drugs charges.

Axe – abolish, close down: abolition, closure.

- Country bus services axed.

- Small schools face axe.

Knowledge as to the usage of the pun’s mechanisms in publicity lead to better understanding of the specificity of English press and may be used in the theory of translation or during the creation of newspaper or advertisement headline with the help of a pun.

The headline (the title given to a news item or article) is a dependent form of newspaper writing. It is in fact a part of a larger whole. The specific functional and linguistic features of the headline provide sufficient ground for isolating and analyzing it as a specific “genre” of journalism. The main function of the headline is to inform the reader briefly what the text that follows is about. But apart from its, headlines often contain elements of appraisal i.e. they show the reporter’s or the paper’s attitude to the facts reported or commented on, thus also performing the function of instructing the reader.

English headlines are short and catching; they “compact the gist of news stories into a few eye-snaring words. A skillfully turned out headlines tells a story, or enough of it, to arouse or satisfy the reader’s curiosity.”

Such group headlines are almost a summary of the information contained in the news item or article.

The functions and the peculiar nature of English headlines predetermine the choice of the language means used. The vocabulary groups considered in the analysis of brief news items are commonly found in headlines.

An excellent way for a more advanced learner to increase their English proficiency is to read an English-language newspaper on a regular basis. Most people who read a newspaper do so selectively and skim though the pages looking for the most interesting-looking articles to read first. They usually make their choice on the basis of the headlines of the articles. And this is where the difficulty for the non-native speaker of English arises, since newspaper headlines are often extremely difficult to understand. There are two main reasons for this. The first reason is that newspaper headlines have to be brief and consequently use words that are rarely used in everyday speech or indeed in the rest of the article itself. (Probe for investigation, blast for explosion etc.) And the second reason is that headline writers, at least in British newspapers, look for every opportunity to include a pun in their headlines. It is the main aspect of newspaper headlines that we want to concentrate on in this work.

All the headlines of all types (primary or page headlines, secondary or paper headlines, paper subsection headlines, leads and captions) of the local daily called Kauno diena) is emotionally destructive and people should be aware of this in order to diminish its emotional impact.

By the basic functions of newspaper titles nominativna, informing, communicative, and also pragmatic or attraktivna, that will realize the action of text, his having a special purpose orientation. Exactly some researchers consider this function basic, as setting of title consists above all things in bringing in of attention to the article, in creation of stimulus for its reading, which is often achieved by the use of the system of expressive means of languages, among which an important place is taken a play on words.

1.3 Linguistic peculiarities of publicistic headlines

The role of newspaper in the nowadays life and its influence on the modern society is generally recognized. The printed media remains one of the oldest a most effective way to communicate the freshness news. Newspaper has the following basic features: brief news items, advertisements and announcements, the editorial and the headline. This paper investigates only one element of the newspaper- the headline.

By the pragmatic effect of application of play on words in this title arising up as a result of combination of frock’n’roll, that is paradoxical on character and owns a fully certain estimating plan is something amusing and unusual. Appropriately to assume that speech in the article will go about the place of woman in modern music. A question is this serious, however estimating a plan, formed the element of frock that is brought in a title complex bring in the tint of sarcasm in the supposed interpretation of problem the author of the article.

The following title gives the very dim picture of Te, what theme of the article:

Ugly noises from Los Angeles mayor’s nest

An author orients a reader in the value of attitude toward the described facts, them marks and uses a play on words: mayor’s nest omonimichno mare’s nest – to expression, that a “senseless device” means, and the question is about machinations on selections, thus one of candidates – mer city Los-Angeles. A pun in dannomu case carries expressively stylistic information which represents author emotionally evaluation attitude toward an object, or expressively cognitive setting of this linguistic registration of idea. Negative attitude of author is here traced toward a situation which was folded on elections, and a pun specifies on personality which to a certain extent is herein guilty, and characterizes her. Except for it, a pun is directed on Te, to come into notice of reader to the described events and compel him not only to laugh above them but change their motion. [11, p.52]

The short and capacious form of this pun is based on the vivid use of languages. Exactly an associative vivid component adds maintenance a reception convincing and bright character which predetermines him attractive function. In spite of trouble of information which is stopped up in a title, a reader gets certain aesthetically beautiful pleasure at his reading.

Attention is attracted the satiric orientation of title, reader will want to read a note. The example of pun, beaten element based on etymologyzation is the English title:

Sweetest Tattoo

The article is about creation of artist I. Isupova, which attained extraordinary trade in art of tattoo.

In a stylistic relation this case is imposition: simultaneous actualization and beating of auditive and etymologic values of word “tattoo” takes place- 1) tattoo; 2) prohibition [11, p.772]. Connection of metaphoric-metonymy appears between LSV: overt associations (tattoo –that it is forbidden) and transferences for contiguity (prohibition as subject action and tattoo is as a result of this prohibition), and epithet of “sweetest” – the “sweet” contains illusion on biblical really a fruit is forbidden. Tempting and beauty of tattoo is in a great deal conditioned exactly the prohibition imposed on her. The use in the title of English dissemination has, cleanly linguistic base: the semantic structure of the English noun of “tattoo”, unlike proper him loan-word in Russian (what has one only, visual value), enables to express in one entrance both LSV of this unit. In the considered example is very brightly expressed marked researchers pragmatic a meaningful feature of pun is aspiring to most semantic capacity at the use of the least of means of languages.

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