Êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà: Difficulties in Translation of Publicistic Headlines and their Pragmatic Aspect
Êóðñîâàÿ ðàáîòà: Difficulties in Translation of Publicistic Headlines and their Pragmatic Aspect
MINISTRY
OF EDUCATION, YOUTH AND SPORTS
CAHUL
STATE UNIVERSITY “B. P. HASDEU”
PHILOLOGI
DEPARTMENT
ENGLISH
AND FRENCH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
THEME
Difficulties in Translation of Publicistic Headlines
and
their Pragmatic Aspect
CAHUL
2010
Introduction
Publicistic
Headline is known as the name of literature, scientific or musical produce. Our
research on publicistic headline will study a lot of its definition. We shall
notice similarity between them as well. According to Kukharenco V.A., headline
is a text at the top of a newspaper article, indicating the nature of the
article below it.
Galperin finds
the headline a dependent from of newspaper writing. Its main function is to
inform the reader briefly about the text which follows it.
The main goal
of this research paper is to analyze publicistic headline from difficulties in
translation of publicistic headlines and their pragmatic aspect.
The
objectives of the given work are:
- To define
publicistic Headline.
- to present
classification and structure of the publicistic headlines.
- to reveal
linguistic peculiarities of publicistic headlines.
- to explain
ways of translation the publicistic headlines and difficulties in translation
the publicistic headlines.
- to analyze
the pragmatic functions and difficulties in translation of publicistic
headlines.
We have worked
much to complete our goal. The critical analysis of the scientific literature
has been fulfilled by us.
While writing
this paper we have addressed to such sources as manuals, monographs,
dictionaries and, of course publicistic works. In our research we have used
explanation and analysis as scientific theoretical methods. As for the
structure of the work, it falls into three chapters.
The first
chapter deals with the theory concerning publicistic style. It is divided into
four parts: 1) defining the Publicistic Headline; 2) classification and
structure of the publicistic headlines; 3) linguistic peculiarities of
publicistic headlines; 4) on the applicability of publicistic headlines; 5) publicistic
headlines under pragmatic aspect.
In this
chapter we defined the Publicistic Headline and their classification and
structure. Also we showed the publicistic headlines under pragmatic aspect. We
wrote about linguistic peculiarities and their applicability of publicistic
headlines.
The second
chapter is devoted to the
translability of publicistic headlines. It is also falls into
three parts: 1) on the approaches of translation used in Newspaper Style; 2) on
the ways of translation the publicistic headlines; 3) on the difficulties in
translation the publicistic headlines.
We defined
approaches of translation the Publicistic Headline in Newspaper Style and wrote
about different ways of translation. Also in this chapter we wrote difficulties
in translation the publicistic headlines.
The third
chapter: establishing pragmatic value
of publicistic headlines and difficulties of their translation from English
into Russian. It is falls into two parts:
In the first we analyze publicistic headlines and their Pragmatic
functions. And the second in difficulties in translation of publicistic
headlines.
It is all
theoretical and practical parts of our research paper about what we will write.
1.1 Defining the Publicistic Headline
The general
definition of Headline is the name of literature, scientific or musical
produce. Many dictionaries define Headline as a short summary of the most
important items of news read at the beginning of a news programme on the radio
or television. Headline is one of the basic newspaper features. The headline is
the title given to a news item or newspaper article.
To make
headlines (grab; hit) means to be an important item of news in newspapers or on
radio or television. To headline (usually passive) means to give a story or
article a particular headline:
War breaks out
in Europe
Atomic bomb
dropped on Hiroshima
Man walks on
Moon
Headlines very
often contain emotionally colored words and phrases. To produce a strong
emotional effect, broken-up set expressions and deformed special terms are
commonly used. The Headline of news items apart from giving information about the
subject-matter, also carry a considerable amount of appraisal. Headlines are
usually written in bold and in a much larger size than the article text. Front
page headlines are often in upper case so that they can be easy read by the
potential customer. Headlines in other parts of the paper are more commonly in
sentence case though title case is often used in the USE.
The
characteristics features of Headlines are the most condensed piece of
information on minimum of space. Galperin mentions typical stylistic patterns
of Headlines.
a. Full
declarative sentences.
e.g. ’China
lifts price of domestic oil products’. (Financial Times).
b.
Interrogative sentences.
e. g. ‘It the
kitchen finished? (The Sun).
c. Nominative
sentences.
e.g. ‘Cautious
start for bourses’ (Financial Times).
d. Elliptical
sentences.
e.g. Child
drunk griever banned’ (The Sun).
e. Sentences
with articles omitted.
e. g. ‘PM
warns against hostility to US’. (Daily Express).
f. Phrases
with verbal- infinitive and gerundial.
e.g. ‘Keeping
it in the family pays off for baker’. (The Times).
g. Questions
in the form of statements.
e.g. ‘Health
food?’ (The Times).
h. Headlines
including direct speech.
e. g. ‘Blair:
I should never have revealed I was quitting’. (Mirror).
Headline
conventions include normally using present tense and omitting ‘a’ and ‘the’ as
well as forms of the verb ‘to be’ in certain context. [2, p.75]
- The Present
Simple is also used to describe actions as instant, happening in a moment. For
actions over a period, we use the continuous.
e.g. United
are playing really well now.
The crowd is
cheering them on.
Most newspaper
features a very large Headline on their front page, dramatically describing the
biggest news of the day. Headline is the most basic text organizing tool used
to invite the reader to become involved with the publication. Limit headlines
to no more than three lines. A headline is text at the top of a newspaper
article, indicating the nature of the article below it. A headline which is
called – banner headline. The Headline (the title given to a news item or an
article) is a dependent form of newspaper writing. It is in part of a large
whole. The specific functional and linguistic features of the headline provide
sufficient ground for isolating and analyzing it as a specific ‘genre’ of
journalism.
1.2
Classification and structure of the publicistic headlines
The main
function of the headline is to inform the reader briefly of what the news that
follows is about. Sometimes headlines show the reporter’s or paper’s attitude
of the fact reported. In most of the English and American newspapers
sensational headlines are quite common. The function and the peculiar nature of
English headlines determine the choice of language means used. [4, p.35]
Headlines also contain emotionally colored words and phrases as the italicized
words: ’Crazy waste of you? Syntactically headlines are very short sentences or
phrases and have a variety of pattern.
A.
Full
declarative sentences.
B.
Interrogative
sentences.
C.
Nominative
sentences ‘Atlantic sea Traffic’.
D.
Elliptical
sentences ‘Off to the Sun ‘.
E.
Sentences
with articles omitted. (Articles are frequently omitted in all types of
headline). ‘Frock man find gold in river ‘.
F.
Complex
sentences.
G.
Headlines
including direct speech.
The Headlines
in English language newspapers can be very difficult to understand. One reason
for this is that newspaper headlines are often written in a special style,
which is very difficult from ordinary English. In this style there are special
rules of grammar and words are often used in unusual ways.
a.
Headlines
are not always complete sentences. Many headlines consist of noun phrases with
no verb.
-
More wage cuts.
-
Holiday Hotel Death.
b.
Headlines
often contain string of three, four or more nouns; nouns earlier in the string
modify those that follow.
-
Furniture factory pay cut row.
Headlines like
these can be difficult to understand. It sometimes helps to read them
backwards. Furniture Factory Pay Cut Row (disagreement) about a Cut (reduction)
in Pay at a Factory that makes Furniture.
c.
Headlines
often leave out articles and the verb ‘be’.
- A
woman walks on moon.
d. In
headlines, simple tenses are often used instead of progressive or perfect
forms. The simple present is used for both present and past events.
-
Blind girl climbs Everest (=…has climbed…).
-
Student fight for course changes (=…has fighting …).
The present
progressive can be used, especially to talk about changes. Be is usually
dropped.
-
Britain getting warmer, say scientist.
-
Trade figures improving.
e. Many
headlines words are used as both nouns and verbs, and nouns are often used to
modify other nouns. So it is not always easy to work out the structure of a
sentence. Compare:
- We
cuts aid to third world (= The Us reduced its help…cuts is a verb, aid is a
noun).
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