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: , ,
: , ,
. ., . .
.
12 ObeUa loveni
( 0,5 / ).
,
.
, (Karbe,
1972; Stebbing, 1980a, 1981),
(Stebbing, 1980b).
, , ,
.
(, , 1987).
Obelia. loveni (Allm., 1859) . flexuosa (Hincks,
1861), 0. geniculata (L., 1758), ,
.
12 ,
. , ,
, . loveni.
,
( 14 18).
,
Clava multicornis (Forskal, 1775) Coryne tubulosa (M.
Sars, 1835), Athecata.
, ( 22 )
: . longissima (Pallas, 1766), 0.
loveni, 0. flexuosa, Dynamena
pumila (L., 1758) Sertulariidae Thecaphora.
,
. loveni
() ().
, , ,
.
.
( .,
1984). ,
.
(, , 1986;
, , 1987).
( ).
30 , , 100. (200 400
) ,
. ,
.
( 2 ) ,
. 1 2
. , , 2 20%,
6 80% (Baier et al., 1975).
.
(, 1980).
: , , 1984 1985
. .
(. ).
1.
Clava multicornis (Forskal, 1776) Coryne
tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835) ( Athecata). Athecata
,
Thecaphora. , Clava multicornis,
,
, 10,0, 5,0 2,5 /
39 ( ).
Coryne tubulosa,
(18) , 20 .
, .
1,0 /. 2,5 /
, ,
. .
(. ). 3,0 /
, 2 .
,
; Coryne tubulosa, Obelia flexuosa, ?Obelia geniculata ?Obelia
loveni, /; 2,5 / (2), 1,0 (3), 0,5 (4),
0,25 / (5)
2.
ObeUa ( Thecaphora)
. ,
, ,
(18) 6 , .
(1522 ).
1,0 /
, , 1012 (, ).
2 / 2 . 0,5
/ Obelia flexuosa Obelia longissim ,
(, , 5), . loveni (, ),
. 0,25 / . loveni
, .
, ,
1,0 / (18)
(. , ),
, ,
(20 ).
3.
Dynamena pumila (
Thecaphora). D. pumila ,
,
, .
,
,
23 3,0 2,5 / 20
1 /. 6
, , 18 ,
2,5 /.
1
(%) Obelia loveni 18
(*) (**)
.
19% 9599,9%.
,
4.
.
. loveni
() (),
( ). ,
.
, . loveni
. (
1718)
.
(, 1980)
(. 1, ).
, 12 , . .
, (. 1,
).
.
( 14
18). ,
. loveni, ,
, 2,0 /, 18 1822
.
, 1,0 /,
1822 ,
(. 1). 4346
, . ,
2
.
(0,5 /) 1822
, (),
.
. 2
,
,
.
2
(%) Obelia loveni,
,
*
95%. ** , =99,0%.
.
18 22 . 14,5 .
,
.
,
, ,
. ,
. , ,
,
. ,
.
, ,
.
5.
.
, : (Kinne,
Paffenhofer, 1966; Tusov, Davis, 1971; , 1980),
(Crowell, 1953) (Crowell, 1957) ,
(Wyttenbach, 1974) . .
,
(. 2).
. loveni,
, 22,0.
0,25 /.
18 ( ) 14,5 ()
0,5 1,0 / (.
2).
.
(Karbe, 1972). Eirene
viridula Eschscholtz, 1829, . Campanulinidae,
Thecaphora, ,
1,53,0 /.
(Stebbing, 1976, 1979, 1980b; Stebbing, SantiagoFandino, 1983)
.
Obelia flexuosa (Hincks, 1861) . Campanulariidae,
Thecaphora, ,
0,05 /, 0,5 /.
,
,
( ), ,
.
(0,1
/ 0,05 / ) (Stebbing, 1980a, 1981). ,
, ,
(Stebbing, 1982). ,
(Stebbing et al.,
1983).
.
. ,
. 1,0 / ,
. .
( 11
) ,
(Stebbing, SantiagoFandino, 1983). ,
.
. ,
, Obelia loveni
10 / (, , 1987).
,
(, 1982), ,
, ,
, 12 .
.
.
(Thatcher, 1903; Huxley, DeBeer, 1923)
, .
.
geniculata
, ,
,
. ,
. ,
.
(Fulton,
1960), , (Crowell, 1953) ,
,
() .
,
, ,
.
.
,
.
,
.. (, , 1987)
, Obelia
. lovni.
, , ,
.
loveni. ,
,
. ,
. ,
, , ,
. , ,
(, 1980).
, ,
.
,
,
,
. ,
,
.
,
.
, .
, ,
, . 20
20
,
, .
,
,
1 .
20 .
, , . .
12 ,
.
2
. ,
.
.
, ,
.
.
1
, .,
, ,
.
. .
//
. .: , 1980. . 16.
. ., . ? . . .
Dynamena pumiia (L.) //. , .
. . . 1984. 1. . 102.
.
. ., , .
Obelia loveni
Obelia fls//. . . . 1986. 2. . 230237.
.
. ., 11. .
//. . . . , 1987, 1,
. 7173
. . . .: . , 1980. . 104, 271. . .
Dynamena pumiia (L.)
//. . 1980. . 255. 1.. 253.
,
. .
// . .: , 1982. . 7.. 62.
Baier R. W. Wojnowich G., Petrie L.
Mercury loss from culture media//Analyt. Chem. 1975. V. 45. P. 2464.
Crowell S. The regressionreplacement
cycle of hydranths of Obelia and Campanularia//Physiol. Zool. 1953. V. 26. 4.
. 319.
Baier R. W., Wojnowich G., Petrie L.
Mercury loss from culture media//Analyt. Chem. 1975. V. 45. P. 2464.
Crowell S. The regressionreplacement
cycle of hydranths of Obelia and Campanularia//Physiol. Zool. 1953. V. 26. 4.
. 319.
Crowell S. Differential responses of
growth zones to nutritive level, age, and temperature in the colonial hydroid
Campanularia//J. Expti Zool. 1957. V. 134. P. 63.
Fulton . Culture of a colonial hydroid under
controlled conditions//Scicnce. 1960,V. 132. P. 473.
Huxley !. S. DeBeer G. R. Studies in
dedifferentiation. IV. Resorption and differential inhibition in Obelia and
Campanularia//J. Microscop. Sci. 1923. V. 67. P. 473.
K.arhe L. Marine Hydroiden als
Testorganismen zur Prufung der Toxizitat von Abwasserstoffen. Die wirkung von
Schwermetallen auf Kolonien von Eirene viridula//Marine Biol. 1972. , 12. 4. S. 316.
Kinne 0., Paffenhoger G. A. Growth
and reproduction as a function of temperature and salinity in Clava multicornis
(Cnidaria, Hydro2oa)//Helgolander wiss. Meeres. 1966.. 13. 12. S. 62. Stebbing A, R. D. The
effect of low metal levels on a clonal hydroid//J. mar. biol. Ass.U. K. 1976.
V. 56. P. 977.
Stebbing A. R. D. As experimental
approach to the determinants of biological water quality//Phi!os. Trans. Roy.
Soc. London. 1979. V. 286. P. 465.
Stebbing A. R. D. Increase in
gonozooid frequency and adaptive response to stress in Campanularia flexuosa.
In: Developmental and cellular biology of coelenterates/' Eds Tardent P.,
Tardent R Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1980a. P. 27.
Stebbing A. R. D. The biological
measurement of water quality //Rapp. P.v. ReunCons. int. Exolor. Mer. 1980b.
V. 179. P. 310.
Sfebbing A. R. D.
Hormesisstimulation of colony growth in Campanularia flexuosa' (Hydrozoa) by
copper, cadmium and other toxicants//Aquatic Toxicol. 1981. V 1. P. 227.
Stebbing A. R. D. Hormesisthe
stimulation oi growth by low levels of inhibitors//Scitotal environment. 1982.
V. 22. P. 213.
Stebbing A. R. D., Cleary J. S
Brinsley M Goodchild C., Santiago Fandino V. Responses of a hydroid to
surface water samples from the river Tamar and Plymouth sound in relation to
metal concentration s/'/J. mar. biol. Ass. U. K. 1983. V. 63. 4. . 695.
Sfebbing A. R. D SantiagoFandino
V. G. R. The combined and separate effect of copper and cadmium on the growth
of Campanularia flexuosa (Hydrozoa) colonies// Aquatic Toxicol. 1983. V. 3. P.
183.
Thuicher H. F. Absorption of the
hydranth in hydroid polyps//Biol. Bull. 1903. V. 5. 2. . 295.
Tusov J; Davis L. V. Influence of
environmental factors on the growth of Bougainvillia. sp.//Exptl Coelenterate
Biol./Eds Lenhoff H. M., Muscatine L., Davis L. V. Honolulu. 1971. P. 54.
Wyttenbach C. R. Cell movements
associated with terminal growth in colonial hydroids//Amer. Zool. 1974,
V. 14. 2. . 699.
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